中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
沉浸“二次元消费”怎么破?******
孙鸿松
谈到青春期沉浸在“二次元消费”中的孩子,国家二级心理咨询师、黄埔区心灵家园服务中心理事长孙鸿松体会很深。自2015年发起成立心灵家园“小船长俱乐部”以来,他的日常工作便是围着孩子们转。“来找我的青春期孩子家长很多,反映这种沉浸‘二次元世界’、消费漫画周边,不愿与家人交流的也非常多,更有不少孩子被定义为‘抑郁症’‘双向情感障碍’,家长为此愁得不行。这些情况可以说很普遍,也可以说‘心理综合治理’到了刻不容缓的地步。”
文、图/广州日报全媒体记者 冯秋瑜
“我们小时候信息来源相对单一,但现在的孩子能接触到的信息非常丰富,对他们的影响肯定是多元的,这些势必会对孩子正确价值观的形成产生影响。”孙鸿松认为,对于漫画、网络游戏等营建出来的所谓“二次元世界”,有一定的涉猎和喜爱并非坏事。
“这个问题值得家长认真想一想:为什么这些动漫能让孩子主动走近,而自己想亲近孩子却有距离?是否孩子在心里将家长放在了对立面?孩子的成长有两次‘自由’的时期,一次是学会走路,可以自由支配自己的身体,一次就是青春期,慢慢建立着自己的思想、人生观和对自我的探索、认知。如果与父母的关系长期处在对立状态,会造成抵触、排斥甚至破裂,这种情况下,环境中其他的思想文化就更容易占据甚至侵蚀他们的心灵,因此,父母首先要做的就是不要一味地批评而造成对立。” 孙鸿松说。
“现在的学习途径其实多种多样,如果孩子不适应眼下的教育方式,为什么不能允许她找到适合她自己的路呢?”从多年与孩子们平等对话、修复心灵的经历中孙鸿松认为,家长莫要一味要求孩子“考重点高中”“考重点大学”,“如果能达成这样的认知,就是我们对孩子过于沉浸‘二次元世界’问题进行心理综合治理中最为关键的一步。”
“如果孩子能从漫画、网游或周边产品的享受中找到心灵的出口,其实不是坏事,重要的是父母能如何正确引导。为什么漫画和‘二次元’能走近孩子呢?因为那里面抽离了许多价值判断,不像现实世界带给孩子的压力。然而虚拟的世界毕竟有其问题,因此父母还是要尽可能多创建一些生活化、趣味性的社交活动,让孩子可以从中感受到现实空间的温度。”
像今年大年初一,孙鸿松就带儿子去了花都千年古村塱头,和小伙伴们组织了一个舞狮队伍。“在这种活动中,孩子可以感受到团队协作,也有真实的交流,气氛非常好。”他还告诉记者,自己曾要求子女带着他一起参加cosplay活动。“孩子们起初很诧异,我真诚地说‘带老爸去长长见识,我给你们当司机’,他们就带我去了。我去了当然也不懂什么,但我不拒绝、不批评,就观察他们在做什么,但亲子间的气氛无形中就改变了。爱和尊重是父母一定要坚持做到的重要元素,坚持下去就一定能找到和孩子共同成长的方向。”
谈及青少年的压岁钱消费,孙鸿松表示:“当下物质富裕了,更应培养孩子们的理财观念,引导其合理消费,树立对自己和家庭的责任、奉献意识,也可以引导孩子用压岁钱来帮助有需要的人。”
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)